Sunday, March 12, 2006 

APT Nigeria Project



My friend Benneth Edeh lives in Lagos, Nigeria. He just graduated from the first Occupational Therapy program offered there. Rehabilitation is a relative new-comer to healthcare in the developing world. At the moment, although he is very interested in working as an Occupational Therapist there is no job available for him. He has agreed to coordinate a project to bring Appropriate Paper Technology to his country. There will be a two week long workshop in August, 2006. The "Government of Nigeria Occupational Therapy Program" will sponsor it, and I will be the presenter.

The long range plan is to set up a permanent workshop space complete with the necessary tools and a coordinator to ensure that therapists who learn APT are able to continue to develop their skills. Fundraising to achieve this important aspect of sustainability is underway. The target is $10,000 by August 2006 and approximately one thousand has been collected so far. Please email Benneth at: bennethbenneth@yahoo.com , he would love to hear from you.

Here are some details about how to attach the top of a small stool.

If the project is small, then it is not really necessary to tie the top onto the base. Strapping with single layer cardboard so that all the corners (inside and outside) are attached securely will be
sufficient to hold the piece together.



If you do want to tie the top and bottom together to add extra strength and stability, first mark where the holes will be made. One hole on each side of the leg piece, and one going through the leg piece about an inch up from where the two pieces (leg and top) meet.

The picture above shows the hole markings for the holes that will go through the top piece of the stool. The view is looking down onto the inside of the top piece. The part of the legs that will rest on the floor is closest to the camera. The next view shows where the holes will go through each of the legs (upper hole markings).



The following examples are shown on small pieces of cardboard.
First mark the outline of the leg piece, then mark the three holes. Use an awl or a large nail to make the holes. Twist the awl around and around in the hole to make sure it is big enough for the needle to pull the loop through.




Place the pieces together with glue on both sides. They will be at 90 degrees to eachother. Then insert the loop (or other tie) into the holes and tie it securely on the inside of the project. What will be left showing on the top surface is a straight line of the tie, between the two holes. All the extra material where the knots is made will be tucked into the hole, or under the edge of the glued cardboard.
This shows how the two pieces are joined at right angles, with the tie holding them securely together.


Below is a view of the loops securely tied on two legs, the ends will be tucked back into the holes, or under the edges of the cardboard to make a smooth surface for the strapping that will be the next layer to cover the project.


The next picture shows a bench, it has two sets of the cross piece legs. You can see the ties on the right of the picture, this is the underside of the bench, the ends are tucked in neatly.


Making the Ties
You can cut 1 inch wide strips from old nylon stockings or pantyhose. Other strong string or cord can be used if you do not have the stockings. The loop made by cutting across the leg of a stocking is very easy to thread through the holes made in the cardboard by using a wire needle. The stockings are stretchy and relatively easy to tie. Get another person to hold the first knot tight while you tie the second one. This can be a tricky job if your hands are covered in slippery paste. The needle can be made from a large paper clip, or a large staple taken from a shipping box, or other wire that you have. Bend a narrow loop into one end of the wire (the needle should be about 3 or 4 inches long).




Good luck with tying your stools, benches, and tables together.

Saturday, March 11, 2006 

Reinventing myself in Cardboard

Once upon a time there was a Queen of Cardboard. She woke up one shiny morning and saw that the whole world was just full of ugly garbage. The Queen knew the secrets of turning ugly garbage into beautiful treasure. Hardly anyone else in the whole wide world seemed to be able to do this garbage transforming magic. So, one day when she was oh so tired of seeing a world full of garbage, she packed up her bag of tools and set out on a journey of many miles through many lands. She wanted to share the magic of transforming paper and cardboard garbage into surprising and wonderful treasures with all the people in the world. Some people were so impressed and infatuated with the very idea of making treasure out of garbage that they joined the Queendom of Cardboard right away. They gave her gold and jewels and all kinds of money to support her magic journey around the world. Along the way, the Queen met many interesting people and made new friends who helped her even more. Others invited her to come and show them the secrets of building strong furniture and aids to help people with disabilities, by using old boxes and bags and envelopes and newspapers. She used all her spare time to help the people who asked her, and she became a very good teacher. She learned many new languages and the customs and cultures of many new lands. The Queen worked so hard night and day and devoted herself so much to helping all those who asked her for assistance that slowly but surely the world began to change. As more and more people learned the magic of transforming throw-aways into useful objects, there was less and less garbage in the world and it became truly beautiful again. The Queen of Cardboard woke up one shiny morning and saw that the world was beautiful again, and she and all her people lived happily ever after.

This is a story about making the world a better place. In some ways it is a love story, in some ways it is more of a comedy and in others it is simply the unfolding of the human "every-day-life" drama. My love affair with cardboard began early in life. Those small boxes of raisins that my mother packed into a "goody bag" for me every morning when she sent me off to play in the backyard were filled with magic for me. Of course I had to first rise to the challenge of getting those little treasure boxes open without ripping them apart, but fortunately tenacity runs in my family and I could never give up easily, even at the tender age of two.

My mother was a brave woman. There she was in small town Ontario in the late 50's, blind since the age of 18, and the new mother of a rambunctious and precocious daughter. There is no doubt that losing her vision completely as a young woman transformed her. When I consider how much trust she had to have just to set me free every day into the world of our fenced-in backyard, albeit with Kerry the intrepid German Shepherd dog keeping watch over me, I am amazed that she could do it. Those first experiences of being all by myself in the backyard, a solitary woman alone in the world, sowed the seeds of my later adventures and travels. Unmistakably.

It was cardboard and not blindness; however, that changed me. My own life was transformed in the summer of 2004 when I invited Jean Westmacott to come to Canada and teach a weeklong workshop on "APT". Appropriate Paper Technology was invented some years ago in Zimbabwe by an art teacher from the UK, Bevill Packer. He had to scrounge for the materials to teach with when he arrived in Africa empty handed. Bevill developed APT over the course of many years along with his African students, and went on to publish a very comprehensive technical manual (http://www.floodmeadows.com/apbt/manual.htm) so that others could learn the same techniques for themselves. Others, including David Warner of "Where there is no Doctor' fame have carried on with this work (http://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/global/david/dwe001/dwe00114.htm) .

Jean learned APT directly from Bevill. When he died in Zimbabwe some years after publishing the manual, he was granted special permission to be buried in a cardboard coffin of his own making. True to his calling, this remarkable man was burried along with his beloved paper hat. For many families in the developing world the cost of a coffin means that they lose their entire livelihood. Thus, the death of one leads to the death of many, something that adopting the use of APT for coffins could help to change.

One of the best and most amazing things that Jean has built with APT is this sofa bed that she and her family at Plum Cottage in England have been using and enjoying for many years. I have yet to take on anything that large and ambitious, though I am intrigued with the design challenges that large projects provide. In APT, "small is best" and a good design keeps this concept at the forefront at all times.





This group in Kigali, Rwanda, not only built a sofa bed when they ran a six month APT training, they used knives they had made themselves by putting secure handles onto blades. In the APT manual there is a picture of a group of mothers who met weekly at the Harare Hospital for seven weeks to make wheelchairs out of cardboard for their young children who had Cerebral Palsy. The fathers were given the important job of locating the cardboard and paper raw materials which included them in a new way with the care of their disabled children.




Dads are ultimately very important people in their children's lives. It is only recently, with the clarified vision of being fifty now myself, that I can truly appreciate just how special my own father was and how much he has influenced my life. He died just after his 70th birthday close to fifteen years ago. I still feel his guiding presence watching over me, and I know those moments when he is most proud of his eldest daughter.

He was an engineer by profession, but in reality I can see now that he was my mother's Occupational Therapist through the many years of their life together. This was well before the everyday Canadian world really understood rehabilitation, or how critical it is to have strong advocates for the independence of people who happen to have a disability. In the same way he defended my mother's right to independence, he defended mine.

When I was three. he was painting the house. My mother didn't want me to climb the ladder. out of fear that I would fall. His response was to teach me the safe and correct way to climb a ladder. Once taught, I could be relied upon to test all the limits in a true spirit of self reliance and self discovery. Not long ago I rappelled down a twenty odd storey building as a fund raiser for Easter Seals, I have completed two fire walks over a twenty foot long pit of hot coals, and a high ropes course, in addition to white water rafting in an inflatable rubber dingy in Nepal. Some people have told me that just going to Haiti or planning on spending a month in Nigeria are courageous acts. Confronting and transcending fears is very empowering, as I well know from direct experience. I doubt that I would have done so many confrontations without my father's early conditioning of my mind and spirit.

There is so much more that he taught me, by example and by design. All about the stars as he carried me on his shoulder to tuck me into my sleeping bag at the campsite that would be left better than we found it complete with a stack of wood for the next camper's fire. All about my own country, as he took us on summer camping vacations from coast to coast over thousands of miles and taught us to love and appreciate the entirety of where we came from, and what it means to be a Canadian. All about the weather, the clouds, how to tell if a storm is coming. All about the rocks and minerals of the earth, their names and how they were formed. All about the trees and plants in the forest and in the fields, meadows, and gardens, how to care for them and how to use them. All about wild animals and pets and the special bond that people have with non-talking creatures. All about the different religions, peoples, countries and cultures of the world and how to celebrate the incredible diversity we belong to. He is the one that educated me, and encouraged my insatiable curiosity by teaching me how to learn and by instilling in me a great love of books and literature and music. Most of all he imparted his values of respecting the dignity of every human being, of always doing one's best, of being one's brother's keeper and a steward of all creation, and of being true to oneself. I of course, being naive and somewhat sheltered from realities outside middle class North American life, believed that everyone shared a similar enriched experience. Fifty years later I realize that they did not.


I think that my friend Louise took over where my father left off. She was the one that asked me "why don't you come to Haiti?" when I inquired what I could do to develop an international career. Without Louise, the APT workshop here would not have happened. It was her connections with the parish of Notre Dame d'Acadie that resulted in us having a place to hold the workshop for a week. It was her idea to make the child size table and chairs to raffle off as a fundraiser for the Haiti project. She is a powerful yet gentle spirit with a truly remarkable committment to the agricultural cooperative (CATR) she co-founded in Haiti. In the Fellowship of the Mango, she is the Butterfly Lady of the Pool. On my first trip to Haiti we had the chance to work together teaching a Caregiver School for the Healing Hands project. (www.healinghandsforhaiti.org) This was one of the peak experiences of my career. It was pure pleasure to work with her, we were as close as it gets to the perfect complementary team of Physiotherapist and Occupational Therapist. Haiti may be a project for me, it is a calling for Louise. Working with her is a gift, she is an inspiration. Whenever she talks about Haiti she gets a holy glow around her, and you just know it is rooted in pure love.

If I love cardboard, my husband Alan hates it. I do admit that when every spare inch of the house is either stuffed with raw materials for building cardboard creations, or covered with cardboard projects in various stages of completion, that when you open the fridge and half used containers of paste are there to confront you, and even the dust bunnies are made of cardboard fluff, that it could test the tolerance of any normal person. And after thirty years together I have come to the conclusion that Alan may not be entirely "normal". If he fails at normal it is because he is on the tail of the bell curve where honesty, predictability and dependability reside. He is also the ultimate "Black Hat" thinker a la Debono's thinking hats. He can pop a balloon, poop on a parade, stop the merry-go-round, or generally deflate an excited and vulnerable creator faster than a speeding bullet and more powerfully than a locomotive. He is able to leap tall creative ideas in a single bound and nit pick what is wrong with them. Basically, he is who you want to have proof reading your proposals because he will find every possible thing wrong with them and preserve you from finding out only after you have submitted them. Alan is the love of my life. He is my fiercest fan and my staunchest supporter. Irreverant, argumentative and even at times as insufferable as he is, I couldn't have achieved what I have without him. He knows that telling me not to do something is a sure guarantee that I will, so instead he calmly lets me do what I do, go where I go, and be who I am.

Thursday, March 02, 2006 

Cardboard One

Let me introduce myself, I am Jocelyn Campbell the self proclaimed "Queen of Cardboard." When I was born, there began a long journey with paper, cardboard, and the colour purple.

Purple has always been my favorite colour. As a child I absolutely loved the purple papers that peaches were wrapped in every year in the baskets from the Niagara fruit belt. My mother hand knit the ultimate skating outfit for me in the most beautiful purple yarn with white angora trim so I could pretend to be Sonja Henie skating under the winter stars. I always insisted on getting the purple cup and the purple bowl and fought with my brother and sister over them. Grape popsicles were the only ones I wanted, and I loved purple smarties and purple jelly beans more than any other colour. Somehow the purple ones just tasted better.

Paper has always been full of magic for me too. My father enchanted me with tales of building paper airplanes when he was a boy - out of the green tissue paper that wrapped those mandarin oranges we only saw at Christmas. I loved to cut out snowflakes and tape them on the windows so I could watch the patterns and shadows on the wall. As a little girl I never tired of hiding out under the dining room table with the tablecloth forming sides of an exotic tent and cutting out heads and bodies of characters from the Sears catalogue to be glued into crazy creations with that clear amber coloured muselage in those funny containers with the red rubber top. When I grew up, I went to the University of Alberta to become an Occupational Therapist. In the second year of my studies, I met a therapist there who was visiting from Japan, Yutaka Ueda. I will always treasure the rush from that first moment of success when my Japanese friend taught me to fold traditional cranes. I have been addicted to Origami ever since. I regularly dream of travelling to Japan and losing myself in the paper market there. Origami paper came with me on my first trip to Haiti. One night during a power outage - electricity is always on "intermittent" in Haiti - I showed some of the team how to fold cranes by headlamp light and we created a colourful mobile to hang in one of the orphanages. Paper wouldn't last forever, but it was a simple way to provide some visual stimulation for the children there.

Cardboard always meant play in my family. We could make anything out of a simple cardboard box, in fact those boxes were some of the best toys we ever had. Shoe boxes were puppet theatres, giant boxes were caves to hide in and let someone else close the flaps to make it really really dark. In University I belonged to a very creative study group. I think I still have the cardboard oversized hand we made complete with coloured woolen nerves and detachable muscles. When Alan, Rogan, and I were travelling around Europe in a camper van in the late 80's as part of our two and a half year "tour du monde" odyssey, Rogan had a cardboard box airplane at the campground in Budapest. And now, after all those years and with all that preparation behind me, I have a passion for building strong durable furniture and rehab aids out of paper and cardboard. This blue floor sitter and table I built for a little girl who needs support to sit with her classmates for circle time is one example. Passion for cardboard consumes my life at times, it fills my house and extends to sharing the delight with anyone I can convince to try it.
I am currently working on projects for teaching the techniques to people in the developing world in Haiti and Nigeria. Ever since August 2004 when I was fortunate enough to learn these techniques myself, I have wanted to share them with other people. I am especially interested in teaching APT to people in countries where it is expensive or difficult to get furniture or aids for people with disabilities, so knowing how to make things out of paper and cardboard can really make a difference in their lives.

HAITI
http://www.cbc.ca/nb/story/nb_furniture20060113.html
This is a link to a CBC story about me: "Queen of Cardboard helps Haitians." Haiti is part of the island of Hispaniola. It is in the Caribbean about 90 minutes from Florida and 90 milies from Cuba.














A group of about fifteen adults in Terrier Rouge, a small town in northern Haiti, participated in a 4 day APT workshop I presented in March 2005. APT stands for "Appropriate Paper Technology". They worked in small groups to complete three small stools. The stool project is good for beginners because it allows one to learn a lot of the basics, yet is small enough to be completed in a couple of days. I brought pre-finished laminated sheets of cardboard to work with so that the projects could be completed in the available time.

Here is one of the small groups in action. Two Sisters that live in Terrier Rouge, Sr. Reine and Sr. Doris, helped with the workshop. Sr. Doris assisted with translation as the workshop was taught in Haitian Kreyol. There is a very low literacy rate in Haiti, especially in the villages. Higher education is conducted in French, however, Kreyol is the language of the people. In the everyday world in Haiti, Kreyol wisdom is passed down through proverbs. There are countless proverbs, most have a number of layers of meaning: http://www.haitianproverbs.com/

One proverb says that rocks in the water do not understand the pain or misery of rocks in the sun “Woch nan dlo, pa konnen mizè wòch nan Solèy”. I think the only way we can learn to understand and help eachother is to reach out and make a start. My little cardboard stool, the first project I made entirely on my own, was created specifically to take to Haiti as a model for that first four day APT workshop. It has extra reinforcement and waterproofing to extend its life in harsh environments. The saying on the top edge "Panse andeyò bwat la" means "Think outside the box". It is another way of saying that I want you to believe it is possible to make furniture out of cardboard but you have to think in different ways to learn how. The education system in Haiti is based on rote learning, the assumption being that repeating the same thing over and over is the best and only way of learning it. The problems and challenges in Haiti, however; have not been solved yet by doing the same things over and over. Problem solving, innovation, and coming up with creative alternatives takes a lot of practice. As an Occupational Therapist I specialize in matching the demands of a task or activity to the needs of the person I am working with in ways that lead to greater independence for them. Appropriate Paper Technology projects demand constant problem solving, analyzing, and figuring out what to do next to make a strong and durable product. This is a very good match with what people in Haiti need to learn in order to make their lives and their country better.
Paper and cardboard are made of cellulose fibres that all started out as part of a tree. Rolling gives paper back some of its "tree-strength" by forming it back into layers of concentric rings. Corrugated cardboard is made by alternating flat paper and paper with waves (corrugations) which increases its strength. Layering, or laminating, a number of pieces of corrugated cardboard creates a strong yet light weight building material. The "grain" goes along the lines of those corrugations. Depending on the project being made and the lines of force expected, (for example sitting on a chair will create vertical lines of force down to the ground) layers can have alternating grain lines or have them all in one direction.